Wednesday, October 23, 2019
Boeing: Selling a Dreamliner
What is Boeing selling in the 787 Dreamliner? Discuss this in terms of the core benefit, actual product, and augmented product levels of 787 Dreamliner. The 787 Dreamliner core benefit is to provide an evolutionary step in air transportation by ââ¬Å"looking at every aspect of the flying experienceâ⬠. Boeing wanted to provide its corporate clients with an aircraft that falls into the midsized wide body market with ground breaking innovations that would translate into true benefits for its customers. Boeing 787 Dreamliner brings the speed range and capacity of the big jumbo jets to the mid-size market.It is designed to be the worldââ¬â¢s lightest and most fuel efficient passenger jet, providing cost savings to their consumers. By looking at the entire flying experience, Boeing developed new product innovations in the 787 Dreamliner. Such innovations bring 20% less fuel consumption than comparability sized planes, an interior that offers a flexible design aimed at providing mu ltiple configurations for seating capacity, increased cargo capacity, enhanced safety and technology to cut departure delays and improvements to the passenger travel experience.Boeing prides itself on offering augmented product levels through superior customer relationships both during and after the sale. Boeing invests heavily in managing customer relationships during the lengthy sales cycle, through its sales and service technicians, financial analysts, planners, engineers etc. , all dedicated to finding ways to understand and satisfy airline customer needs. After the sale, the sales executives stay in almost constant contact with the customer to ensure that they stay satisfied.In this case of the delayed product delivery, Boeing augmented the product by announcing its commitment to working with its customers to minimize the impact of the delays as well as offering incentives and penalty payments to those customers. There are three major types of buying situations in Business mark ets. Identify which one better describes the situations of the airline mentioned as buyers of the 787 Dreamliner and explain.As a customer to the Boeing 787 Dreamliner, I believe this situation is best described as a New Task, A business buying situation in which the buyer purchases a product or service for the first time. Although the customer may have purchased products previously from Boeing, this product line, the 787 Dreamliner, is a brand new, revolutionary product in the market. As such, the customer, not having a previous experience with that particular product, its impact or how it would fit into their own product portfolio would have to perform a complete benefit/risk analysis.Such investigations are including but not limited to: product specifications, their own price limits, contract payment terms, order quantities, delivery times and service terms. Without an investigation on the new product, the buyer can only leverage historical experiences from Boeing on different pr oduct lines and the companyââ¬â¢s business reputation. This is not enough to make a purchasing decision. Discuss the customer buying process for a Boeing airplane. In what major ways does this process differ from the buying process a passenger might go through in choosing an airline?Customers looking to invest in the Boeing 787 Dreamliner will undertake a Complex Buying Behavior for New Products. This behavior is identified for customers who are highly involved in the purchase and perceive significant differences amount brands. Consumers are highly involved with the product is expensive, risky, purchased infrequently or highly expressive. In the situation of buying the 787 Dreamliner, the purchasing cycle can take years of investigation and negotiations before the final contract is signed or the purchase is made.The length of the purchasing cycle and the behavior of the customer is identified by a number of stages, and these happen after the customer first identifies their need f or the airplane. After identifying if there is a need for the Dreamliner in the business, the customer will then go through a learning process about the product. They will investigate the 787 Dreamliner, compare the benefits and features with other competitive offerings. The customer will most likely analyze their finding through a comparative analytical model to help identify differences in the product and the value of those differences.Not only will the customer look at the core benefit of the product, the product itself, but the customer will also analyze the augmented product levels available to them (such as, warranty, maintenance, financing planners, engineers). It is during this evaluation that Boeing can be instrumental to the customer by managing the customer relationship by offering up an extensive team of company specialists all dedicated to finding ways to work closely with customers through the lengthy buying/discovery process. From here, the customer will develop first beliefs about the product itself.With only 2 competitors in the market for this type of product, the customer may already have a belief or attitude about the company itself (Boeing). It is now, that the customer will develop a belief, and then an attitude about the product and how the Dreamliner will fulfill their needs and what benefits it will bring to their portfolio. From there, the customer will make a purchase choice. A significant point is, that with this buying behavior, the cognitive dissonance the customer feels is relatively low, provided that the Boeing meets and provides the service and benefits that it marketed to the customer, thus providing customer delight.If Boeing fails to meet the criteria it set forth with the customer, than, as direct relationship with the price, the cognitive dissonance is very high. In contrast to a long buying cycle and decision making process that customers make in purchasing an airplane to round out their portfolio. The end user (the buye r) goes through a much shorter decision model and most likely fall in the Dissonance-Reducing Buying Behavior or even the Habitual Buying Behavior. I will review the Dissonance-Reducing Buying Behavior first.The Dissonance-Reducing Buying Behavior is when the buyer identifies a need they have (flying to a destination), that they are highly involved in the purchase as it maybe be an expensive, infrequent or risky purchased, BUT they see little difference among brands. As such, although the purchase price is expensive, and the buyer doesnââ¬â¢t see much difference between brands, the buyer may investigate options (shop around to learn what is available for pricing) but will buy relatively quickly.Provided that all pricing is relatively equal in the market (no large seat sales to take advantage of), the customer may do a preliminary scan of price offerings, stop overs, flight times et cetera; the customer will ultimately make a choice and purchase a ticket. As with most purchases, c ognitive dissonance will occur with this purchase. It will most likely not be over price, as all options available were of equal value, but it can occur from the service the buyer receives from the airline, or even through beliefs transferred from otherââ¬â¢s experiences with that airline.The Habitual Buying Behavior occurs under conditions of low customer involvement and little significant brand difference. A significant portion of this buying behavior is based on the repetition of the product by the buyer. If the buyer is a frequent flyer, to him/her it may not matter about services, but about brand familiarity rather than brand conviction or brand loyalty. Once again, providing that price is not a factor in the buying decision, the buyer will continually return to the same airline out of habit provided that (s)he does not have a bad experience.As it is with Dissonance-Reducing Behavior, cognitive dissonance may occur, but most likely when the buyer receives bad service. Given that business and consumer marketers use many of same segmentation variables, which of the four categories of segmentation variables on page 242 of the textbook has Boeing used in planning for the 787 Dreamliner? Explain. Faced with a sullied reputation and suffering financial situation, Boeing fought back by first looking at the market and their products. They identified an opportunity in the mid-size wide-body market.Their current product line did not have the depth required to attack this market. When developing the Boeing 787 Dreamliner, Boeing segmented their marketing tactics to Psychographic Segmentation, specifically targeting Benefits Sought. This segmentation group divides buyers according to the different benefits they seek from the product. With this understanding and segmentation in mind, Boeing not only developed a product to fit into this category, but Boeing focused on improving the ââ¬Å"standardâ⬠design including a number of significant changes, (benefits ad ded).Boeing worked on adding ââ¬Å"ground breaking innovations that would translate into true benefits for its customers, the types of benefits that would stand out to buyers and executives at major airlinesâ⬠. The Boeing 787 Dreamliner brings the speed range and capacity of the big jumbo jets to the mid-size market. It is designed to be the worldââ¬â¢s lightest and most fuel efficient passenger jet, providing cost savings to their corporate customers, who in which could pass along the savings to their customers, driving business and market share.Adding on to this innovation, Boeing developed additional product innovations in the 787 Dreamliner. Such innovations bring 20% less fuel consumption than comparability sized planes, an interior that offers a flexible design aimed at providing multiple configurations for seating capacity, increased cargo capacity, enhanced safety and technology to cut departure delays and improvements to the passenger travel experience.These change s or innovations are designed to provide their corporate customers with financial benefits through cost savings on fuel and cutting down on departure delays. The enhanced safety technology also provides a costs savings for the customer with increased safety provisions, and maintenance requirement reporting that can lead to reduced down time. The final advances, although aimed at the end user (the flyer), also promote a benefit to the customer. The customer can promote their flights to the flyerâ⬠and boast of the 60% noise reduction, more legroom, lighting that automatically adjusts to time zone shifts, and higher cabin pressure and humidity which reduce the common flying symptoms. By developing the 787 Dreamliner with innovations, cost savings, an end user comfort, Boeing was able to segment their market and target their product to the customers most interested in products that provide them with additional benefits. Identify and discuss the sources of competitive advantages fo r the 787 Dreamliner.Although the 787 Dreamliner has a ââ¬Å"heftyâ⬠price tag, as compared to comparable models, at $168M, it also offers a number of competitive advantages over the competition: â⬠¢ Worlds lightest and most fuel efficient passenger jet o Single piece fuselage made of lightweight carbon materials, eliminating 40000-50000 fasteners and 1500 aluminum sheets o Requiring 20% less fuel than comparable models o Fuel range of 8500 nautical miles and reaching speed of Mach 0. 5, bringing big jet speed and range to the midsize market, rivaling the jumbo jets o Innovations in safety technology o Technology in cutting departure delays and ground based com o Self-monitoring vital functions with maintenance reporting technology to cut on down time o Multiple interior configuration o Increased cargo space â⬠¢ The flow through (or advantages aimed at the end user or flyer) are to reduce long-haul flying misery and to better imitate the life on the ground: o 60% quiet er than other planes in its class More leg room o Lighting that automatically adjust to time zone shifts o Larger over-head capacity to reduce content damage o Cabin pressures and humidity higher to reduce symptoms of flyer promoting a more comfortable ride o 19 inch self-dimming windows o Wireless internet o Entertainment system By looking at the entire flying experience, from maintenance, crew and the passenger, Boeing was better able to create a product that has distinct and definable advantages over that of its competitor.
Tuesday, October 22, 2019
Business Analytics
Business Analytics Nowadays business analytics has established itself as an efficient tool for improving a management performance. A smart approach towards a companyââ¬â¢s data interpretation allows to find out the possible drawbacks, predict potential problems, monitor the collective achievements and, most importantly, to perform a more reasonable and grounded decision-making process.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Business Analytics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is evident today that one has to be capable of processing large amounts of information in order to be a successful competitor. Therefore, companies contribute significantly to the modern technologies and professional personnel that constitute a favorable analytical environment (Pearlson Saunders 2013). The motives for developing analytical competence can be various. Some firms perform a thorough data analysis in order to work out a unique strategy; others try to re new the already existing concept. Despite the fact that the necessity of applying analytical analysis seems to be unquestioned, statistics has shown that one starts developing this competence when the company experiences some difficulties. As a rule, managers employ the analysis of big data in order to determine the cause of the current challenge. One should point out that this kind of approach cannot be called farsighted. The companies with a more rational managing policy contribute to business analytics not to solve the problem but to avoid it (Charles Gherman 2013). Reasonable management suggests using the data analysis in the interest of making the right decision and predicting its outcomes. The intensive business competition can, likewise, prompt one to engage analytical tools in furtherance of improving the companyââ¬â¢s analytical performance. Thus, a thorough analysis of the collected data lets one monitor the clientsââ¬â¢ satisfaction rate, as well as follow the riva ling companiesââ¬â¢ activity. Whereas the analysis of big data is an undoubtedly efficient tool, it is also a relatively new concept. Therefore, companies are likely to face a series of challenges before they learn to perform a successful processing of the collected information. The primary problem one is apt to experience is the shortage of high-qualified specialists. As far as universities do not yet have relevant faculties, identifying a skilled data scientist seems to be rather problematic. Hence, it is up to the managers to work out a proper approach for attracting consistent professionals and evaluating their competence.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, while the problem of processing high volumes of data is easily solved with the help of modern technologies, its quality analysis seems to be a more challenging task. The companyââ¬â¢s principal concern is, thence, to determine the precise aims of the performed analysis. It is an accurate targeting that results in formulating valuable conclusions instead of receiving mere statistics (Charles Gherman 2013). In my organization, the employment of big data analysis would have a significant impact on the companyââ¬â¢s progress. First of all, as long as modern technologies allow storing the unlimited volumes of information, a high-quality data analysis would spare the companyââ¬â¢s time and effort in carrying out the same procedures. The wise analytical policy would also prevent the firm from taking the wrong measures once they have proved their inefficiency. Finally, sufficient contribution to the development of the analytical competence would turn the organization into a successful competitor perfectly aware of its targeted market and the rivalââ¬â¢s performance. In conclusion, one should point out the importance of integrating business analytics into the corporate po licy. It should be realized that the analysis of big data has its specificity and peculiarities that are to be considered. Finally, it is crucial that the managers do not overuse technologies while examining the input. However smart the mechanism is, the accredited analysis still requires humanââ¬â¢s strategic vision and criticism (Pearlson Saunders 2013). Reference list Charles, V Gherman, T 2013, ââ¬ËAchieving Competitive Advantage Through Big Data.Strategic Implications , Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, vol. 16, no. 8, pp. 1069-1074. Pearlson, KE Saunders, CS 2013, Strategic Management of Information Systems, John Wiley Sons Incorporated, New Jersey.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Business Analytics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More
Monday, October 21, 2019
I am no orator as Brutus is Essays
I am no orator as Brutus is Essays I am no orator as Brutus is Paper I am no orator as Brutus is Paper This scene, the second half of the great double climax of the play, is almost entirely made up of the short speech of Brutus and the long speech of Antony. The speeches are often contrasted and it could be said that Brutuss speech appeals to reason, whereas Antonys appeals to emotion. Not only does Brutuss speech appeal to reason, but to the spirit of liberty and dignity in the crowd. Brutuss style of speech is logical, well balanced and classical. His argument is built up in clear strong lines. Antony on the other hand, moves from mood to mood, from style to style and from argument to argument, in no obvious pattern or format. In order to examine whether Mark Anthony is a good orator we must look at his character in Julius Caesar. A friend of Caesar, Antony claims allegiance to Brutus and the conspirators after Caesars death in order to save his own life. Later, however, when speaking a funeral oration over Caesars body, through buying his way into he hearts and minds of the plebs he persuades the audience to withdraw its support of Brutus and instead condemn him as a traitor. With tears on his cheeks and Caesars will in his hand, Antony engages in a masterful (in terms of powerful emotive speaking) rhetoric to stir the crowd to revolt against the conspirators. This is where we see Antonys weakness of style: His emotional speaking doesnt match up to that of Brutus commanding dialogue. We have Antonys opening line as Lend me your ears. If we look at Brutuss opening line for his speech, Hear me for my cause, and be silent, that you may hear. Believe me for mine honour, and have respect for mine honour, that you may believe. Censure me in your wisdom, and awake your senses, that you may better judge. Here we see Brutuss brilliance in that he doesnt merely deliver to the crowd a superficial line such as lend me your ears, he does so much more. He talks about senses, and every part of the body, not just one like Antony. He appeals to the Roman sense of reason and flattery and asks the audience to use their own wisdom and judgment. To me, the request lend me your ears implies a temporary question, as if to say listen if you want to. This is another of Antonys weaknesses. He is not commanding. He doesnt command your attention or your respect. He gains it by means of emotions and sympathy and this is why he is not as good an orator as Brutus. All through Antonys speech, Brutuss name is prominent. He mentions him on so many occasions, one begins to wonder who Antony is actually talking about. Brutus hath told you Caesar was ambitious. If it were so, it was a grievous fault, and grievously hath Caesar answerd it. Here under leave of Brutus and the rest come I to speak in Caesars funeral. He was my friend, faithful and just to me; but Brutus says he was ambitious, and Brutus is an honorable man It is as if he has to mention Brutuss name to keep the crowds attention. In the end, he pulls out Caesars Will, which bequeaths all of Caesars private gardens and walkways to the people of Rome. This is the final straw against the conspirators because it proves to the commoners that Caesar would have been a just ruler, and not at all ambitious, which is exactly why Brutus condoned Caesars assassination. In conclusion, Brutus is an exceptionally eloquent speaker, and I agree with Anthonys self assessment. Antony wins the crowds attention by means of something that is not entirely genuine in that it is a very temporary moment that is quickly forgotten, even though the plebs are exceptionally fickle. Technically, Brutus is the more articulate and logical speaker, however, the power of emotional rhetoric holds its ground and considerably sways the plebs in their decision. Regardless of Antonys gift it is clear that Brutus is the better orator of the two and that is why agree with Antonys self assessment, however, I do understand why, on this occasion straight oratory was not what was required and Antony is the victor.
Sunday, October 20, 2019
Japanese Loan Words
Japanese Loan Words Japanese Loan Words Japanese Loan Words By Sharon Whenever you encounter another culture, each culture takes something from the other. So it is with English and Japanese. Each language has borrowed from the other. In the case of English, theres a long list of borrowings. Some of these have no direct English equivalent and describe inherently Japanese concepts. Others come from Japanese via Chinese. Here are a few examples: Adzuki a type of bean Anime Japanese animation (interestingly, this word originated from the English/French word animation) Bonsai tray gardening Dojo a martial arts training ground Futon a type of mattress Geisha female entertainers Haiku a form of Japanese poetry consisting of three lines, with 5, 7 and 5 syllables respectively. Hara Kiri ritual suicide Honcho squadron leader Jujitsu martial art meaning soft skill Kabuki Japanese theatre Kamikaze strong wind (refers to suicide pilots) Kanji A Japanese writing system; refers to the Chinese characters used Karate martial art meaning empty hand Kimono a full length robe Ninja a stealthy warrior Origami folding paper Rickshaw a human powered vehicle Sake rice wine Samurai a warrior Satsuma a type of orange Seppuku ritual suicide by cutting the abdomen Soy a bean Sumo a type of wrestling Sushi rice combined with other ingredients Tofu bean curd; this word is of Chinese origin Tsunami a huge wave (incorrectly called a tidal wave). Zen a branch of Buddhism Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Writing Prompts 101Confused Words #3: Lose, Loose, Loss8 Great Podcasts for Writers and Book Authors
Saturday, October 19, 2019
What is Death Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
What is Death - Essay Example The very same also stands to be true for the phenomena of death. It is the very nature of human mind and propensities to theorize and analyze the unknown aspects of existence, by bringing in the beliefs, values and aspirations affiliated to the known into oneââ¬â¢s conceptualization of the unknown issues or riddles like death. It is a fact that, barring a few exceptions and rare occasions, nobody wants to die, or in other words nobody wants the life to cease or end. Hence, most of the philosophical and scientific beliefs and theories of death are in a way the manifestation of the human yearning to respect life and the human desire for a continuation of life in an albeit different format, when the human body proceeds to disintegrate in response to natural or accidental factors that go contrary to the sustenance of life. To put it in simple words, in a general context, the human attempts to understand and grasp the truth and nature of death have largely been manifestations of the hu man need to live and the human fear of death, which in no way factually and scientifically explain the unexplainable and unknown reality of death. For instance, take the most ancient of the philosophies pertaining to death, the Hindu belief system, which holds that organic existence happens to be an unceasing cycle of ââ¬Å"birth, death, rebirth, and, then again death (Kastenbaum 38)â⬠. ... For example, the Dayak of Borneo hold that the human soul returns back to earth after death and gets reborn by invading the body of a woman (Kastenbaum 38). Philosophers like Samuel Alexander and Llyod Morgan have even tried to package the human need to go on living into a somewhat scientifically valid theory, at least seemingly, by basing it on Darwinââ¬â¢s Theory of Evolution (Kastenbaum 49). Besides the urge to go on living, the other fact that attends the reality of death is the fear of death. At a very basic level, people fear death owing to many reasons, like fearing the eventual separation from oneââ¬â¢s loved ones, the pain of an ending of oneââ¬â¢s social existence, or the anxiety regarding passing into a form after death, which may be somewhat subhuman or completely elemental (Kastenbaum 61, 55, 49). Varied beliefs and tendencies accompanying the nature of death could to a large extent be explained and interpreted in the light of the quintessential human fear of de ath. Take the shapes and figures that have been considered to represent or resemble death since times immemorial like the sirens of the Greeks or the skeletons in many ancient cultures like Pompeii (Kastenbaum 52). Objectifying death into objects and entities that happened to be intimidating is nothing but a manifestation of the human fear of death. The other concept that extends insight into the human fear of death is the personification of death, which certainly is a bit more sophisticated development. Individuals and cultures personified death into the mould of anxieties and levels of pessimism or optimism that accompanied and attended their understanding or say a lack of understanding of death (Kastenbaum 54). One thing that largely contributes to the pervasive fear of
Friday, October 18, 2019
Policy provision and legislation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words
Policy provision and legislation - Essay Example One that brings tears into our eyes than a smile on our faces, The human race is suspicious of our own kind that we are willing to spend exorbitant sums of money on the manufacturing and buying weapons of mass destruction and whole scale genocide without even giving it a second thought but find hundreds of thousands reasons and engage in heated debates when it comes to doling out money__ which is peanuts, as compared to the money we spend on tanks, aircrafts and guns__ for the education of our future generations and especially the nursery sector. Writer 2 The politicians in their ecstatic rhetoric at conferences, seminars, public rallies and cabinet meetings give great lectures on children being our most cherished and valuable resource. In fact we refer to them as the future of our nation but when the same politicians are confronted with the question of why they hesitate in adequately investing in our ââ¬Ëbright futureââ¬â¢ are rendered speechless. Further, they are all in unis on and speak in one voice when it comes to safeguarding their privileges and the issue of increase in their salaries and other fringe benefits they are entitled to being our elected representatives but are bitterly divided into factions on questions of child care, may it be health care or education. On this issue they seek the shelter of the umbrella of cliched terms and nomenclatures such as liberals, conservatives, neo-liberals, and the neo-cons. The introduction of an authoritative book on education titled Education Policy, Process, Themes and Impact, edited by Les Bell and Howard Stevenson, begins with this pithy quote: There was a time when educational policy was taken for granted â⬠¦ Clearly that is no longer the case: Today, educational policies are Focus of considerable controversy and public contestationâ⬠¦ Educational policy-making has become highly politicized (Olsen et al 2004: 2-3). According to Gerhardt early child rearing is of prime importance in the social a nd cultural life of UK but because of a number of factors, unfortunately, among which political, social and economic factors are predominant the trend in child care, child rearing and child Writer 3 education are not child centered as it should be but instead are work oriented and money-centered. This is the crux of her argument and the main reason for making Britain a fragmented polis. Further Gerhardt is of the firm view that the negligence on the part of all the relevant stake holders, the government, the independent agencies, the teachers and the parents is responsible in bringing UK to this stage where to use a metaphor the early child education and child rearing has been completely neglected. This criminal negligence in not performing the task that is required of each stake holder honestly and with professional integrity and in case of parents criminal in fulfilling their parental duties that UK has been unable to produce good law knowing and law abiding citizens, who on the o ne hand are unaware of their respective rights and on the other hand their duties that they owe to the society, the recent London city riots are a good example. Our educational institutions have miserably failed in producing citizens that are less of an asset and more of a nuisance and liability and thereby are the cause of tremendous tension and threaten to rend to rags the fragile fabric of our polis. The most pertinent question that needs to be answered by all those
General Overview of United Utilities Group Plc Term Paper
General Overview of United Utilities Group Plc - Term Paper Example By doing this, the company helps in the smooth flow of about 7 million people as well as 200,000 businesses in the North West and it does this by the provision of fresh and clean water on a daily basis. The company also takes away and treats the North West waste water which then helps in keeping the beaches and rivers quite clean. The company plans to finance its operations using debt securities instead of conventional bonds. This plan matches the market trends as the market, or the sector across the globe has been opting for the issuance of conventional debts due to the low interest rates attracted by bonds. Bonds usually pay a fixed income and the issuance of bonds in the utilities sector in the United Kingdom only account for half of the total funds raised in the equity capital markets. Firms in this sector just like the United Utilities Group Plc are opting for the issuance of debt securities even though it has high risks of threatening the market viability. Data also showed that only 8.7% of the funds raised were through equity capital markets while the remaining portion being raised through the use of debt securities. ... b. General Overview of the issued debt Debt security is an instrument which can be sold or bought between two different parties and include corporate bonds, collateralized securities, preferred stock and zero-coupon securities (Fabozzi et.al 2003). The interest rate on a debt security is usually determined by the borrowerââ¬â¢s repayment ability. Debts securities are quite safer than equity securities as the principal amount is usually returned to the lender upon the maturity of the security. This is what United Utilities Group Plc plans to use as it mode of raising finance. 2. Evaluation using the Annual Financial Reports and accounts a. The position of the company to issue debt securities The annual profits for the company have decreased from ?909.20 million in March 2008 to ? 316.5 million in March 2012. Its EBITDA has been fluctuating over the period with an increase only being recorded on March 2009 after which the company recorded a continued decline. The company has also re corded a decrease in its Free Cash Flows for the Firm (FCFF) from ? 562.7 million in 2011 to ?559.8 million in 2012. The company borrowed ?215 million during the 2012 financial year in order to offset the dividends of ?209 million. Free Cash Flow to Equity (FCFE) is low for the firm as the firmââ¬â¢s equity is higher than the free cash flow. From the March 2012 annual statement, it is quite evident that the company has made maximum use of debt securities as it net debt is quite higher than the one recorded during the previous year which then reflects the additional borrowing done by the company as a way of funding its capital investment programmes. The gearing ratios for the company are also quite
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